Everywhere you turn nowadays, you always hear about venturing into entrepreneurship. But what is entrepreneurship exactly? It is actually defined as the process wherein a group or an individual makes an effort to pursue opportunities to satisfy needs and wants through uniqueness and innovation. Some people have the misconception that entrepreneurs are gamblers in the sense that they take risks and invest in industries that have no record of success. However, the truth is, these entrepreneurs take calculated risks that have the potential to provide them with huge returns.

The key factors you need to remember about entrepreneurship are opportunities, innovation, and growth. An entrepreneur sees opportunities in environmental trends and changes that nobody has seen before and pursues this opportunity with whatever resources he has at hand. The second theme in entrepreneurship is innovation which involves transforming and revolutionizing existing products or services to cope up with the changing global environment. The third theme is growth; this involves the continual efforts of an entrepreneur to expand his business locally and internationally. An entrepreneur is on the constant look out on how to create new approaches to make his business grow and become a huge success.

These themes are the key factors which businesses are founded upon. The largest corporations you find today did not start out big, rather they started out as small enterprises by visionaries who want more than what is offered to them. You can see from the history of some of the most successful business today that the founders of these businesses have taken great leaps of faith and incredible amounts of risks in order to be what they are today. Wherever you turn, you see the results of entrepreneurship. But it is most obvious in internet commerce because this is a new industry. People that were unheard of before are becoming some of the riches names in the world and it is all because they have taken risks and have succeeded. So whether we realize it or not, it is the entrepreneurs who drive the global environment nowadays. They are the ones who are always seeking out opportunities and taking risks to improve our world and profit from it in return.

The business environment and even the technological advancements that are available today would not have been possible if these entrepreneurs did not come out of their comfort zone to invest in the development of these businesses. As you can see, having the entrepreneurial spirit is definitely necessary for businesses to reach greater heights and provide better and faster products and services to their clients. It is no wonder then that a lot of business enterprises are hiring young and dynamic individuals with a vision and who are not afraid to take calculated risks to ensure the survival of the business tomorrow.

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Richard Parsons, Chair of the Board and former CEO of Time Warner, discusses the roll of entrepreneurship in the digital age. He explains how the Internet has opened up the marketplace to entrepreneurship allowing for more innovation without the necessity for a huge amount of capital. (5/7/08) rockefeller.dartmouth.edu

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Cherie Ang -
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Cherie Ang is the owner of SGProfitSite.com. To find the best home based business ideas and opportunities so you can work at home visit: http://www.SGProfitSite.com

Entrepreneurs: people who create and grow enterprises

Entrepreneurship Case Study

blank” href=”http://www.ibscdc.org/entrepreneurship_case_studies.asp” target=”_blank” title=”Entrepreneurship”>Entrepreneurship: the process through which entrepreneurs create and grow enterprises: Entrepreneurship developmentthe infrastructure of public and private policies and practices that foster and support entrepreneurship.

Some of the entrepreneurs are:

1.Survival entrepreneurs: who resort to creating enterprises to supplement their incomes because there are few other options available. Sometimes called entrepreneurs by necessity

2.Lifestyle entrepreneurs are people who chose self-employment because they no longer want to work for someone else, or because it provides a better way of balancing work and home demands, or because it enables them to stay in communities to which they have great attachment. The focus is usually on providing a living for the entrepreneur and her or his family. They are often called Mom and Pop businesses,

3.Growth entrepreneurs are those who are motivated to grow their businesses so that they can create wealth and jobs in their community.

4.Serial entrepreneurs are people who enjoy the process of business creation and over their lifetimes will create several businesses, often selling their ventures in the process.

this is my personal view site://www.ibscdc.org providing more case studies on Entrepreneurs if u go through that u can get more knowledge from that some of the available case studies are

1.Dean Kamens Technological Entrepreneurship
2.Robert E. Rubin: Executive Entrepreneur
3.Social Entrepreneurship: Serving the Niche Business
4.Aravind Eye Hospitals: A Case in Social Entrepreneurship
5.Matrix Laboratories Road to Success
6.Patrick J. McGovern’s International Data Group: Growth Strategies in Asia
7.Vijay Mallya, the Indian Business Baron: A Bon Vivant Entrepreneur?
8.Technology and Business Incubation in India-Challenges and Opportunities
9Global Hospitals Where Life Gets a Second Chance

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Debbie Ducic of GutZy Women explains the Wikipedia definition of entrepreneurship in this video that corresponds with her article about entrepreneurship. She goes on to talk about the characteristics of entrepreneurs as well as the advantages of entrepreneurship. You can read the whole article at www.gutzywomen.com

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casestudylover -
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Asia-Pacific’s Largest Repository of Management Case StudiesBusiness Case Studies

Biblical entrepreneurship is one of the next moves of God. This is the third dimension to the marketplace ministry movement. Marketplace ministry was first exposed when those within the charismatic movement began declaring our covenant rights about prosperity and wealth. The next component was uncovered with the faith at work declaration. This teaching shared the know-how of displaying our faith in practical ways within the marketplace. These two components were two-thirds of the circle. The last component is biblical entrepreneurship. Marketplace ministry has followed the biblical pattern within scripture. The pattern is as follows: promise requirement manifestation.

When researching the moves of God within scripture we find out that God usually begins a new thing with a promise. Then the promise is coupled with a requirement. The requirement generally deals with a lifestyle issue. After the lifestyle issue has been met the manifestation of the promise will occur. God initiated the marketplace ministry movement when He uncovered our rights to the Abrahamic covenant, which promised prosperity to Abrahams seed (natural and spiritual). Inspirational teaching from Creflo Dollar, Kenneth Copeland and others has exposed us to this promised.

Next the requirement component was exposed which taught us the fundamentals of living holy in the marketplace. There are books such as God @ Work by Rich Marshall and The Day of the Saints by Dr. Bill Hamon that has helped us conceptualize our roles. Now the promise must be manifested. This is the season for biblical entrepreneurship. The Christian entrepreneur will grab the promises of God along with the requirements of God and build an asset that produces wealth for the glory of God.

There are three fundamental concepts to being a Christian entrepreneur. They are purpose, service and influence. Biblical entrepreneurship is a holistic approach to starting an organization. Christian entrepreneurs must understand that God must be placed at the center of every business activity.

These three fundamental concepts are the keys needed to open the doors to true entrepreneurship. The concept of purpose focuses on the why of the entrepreneur. The second concept of service will help the entrepreneur understand that service will take the organization to world-class statues. The last concept of influence encourages the entrepreneur to use his or her resources to communicate the gospel of the kingdom to a dying world.

Christian entrepreneurs strive to have biblical principles as their companies standards. The desire of this type of entrepreneur is not centered on wealth and power but on completing Gods will for his or her life. These individuals will build their lives and companies on biblical truths.

Christians that have the calling to purse entrepreneurship need practical teaching on how to live out their faith in the marketplace. They must also be encouraged to seek God so His presence and power can be manifested in their organizations. Our leadership within the Body of Christ has to be aware of the things God is doing in the marketplace.

Biblical entrepreneurship is Gods next move in advancing His kingdom within the marketplace. God has set the stage so we can move into this third dimension. Now is the time to equip believers to minister within the marketplace

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Four entrepreneurs discuss the idea of acquiring a small business as a route to entrepreneurship. The participants took different routes to Entrepreneurship Through Acquisition (ETA): search funds, a self-funded search, and a search sponsored by a private equity fund. Each entrepreneur shares his decision making on the right time to take the path of ETA. Participants: Moderator Peter Kelly; David Kennedy, Sean Callahan, Ciaran Power, and Michael Sanabria. Resources on Search Funds: www.gsb.stanford.edu Center for Entrepreneurial Studies: www.gsb.stanford.edu Recorded: Oct. 5, 2009 as part of Strategic Management 543 course.

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Also, IU has a great group called Investment Banking Network. Does anyone know if i could get into this group without a finance major or possibly even a finance minor?

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Stephen D. Owens -
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According to Zhara et al., (1999) different scholars use different expressions to describe entrepreneurship (e.g., Entrepreneurship , Corporate Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, Entrepreneurship Posture, Entrepreneurial Orientation), but contrary to the variety of expressions used to describe entrepreneurship, there is consistency regarding entrepreneurships definition and measurement.

Generally speaking, entrepreneurship based research usually focus on either Traits or Behavior. Since the nineties, behavior underlie the vast majority of entrepreneurships research, the main reason for this is a limited success of scholars to reinforce the existence of common traits that characterize entrepreneurs (Smart and Conant, 1994). Gartner (1988) argues that the focus should be on what the entrepreneur does and not who is the entrepreneur . Behavior based research focus on the entrepreneurship process through the entrepreneur activities, that instead of referring to personal specific traits (Smart and Conant, 1994). Behavior based entrepreneurships research is usually conducted at entrepreneur level; nonetheless, scholars claim that entrepreneurship is implemented at the firm level as well (Carland et. al., 1984; Naman and Slevin, 1993; Lumpkin and Dess, 1996; Wiklund, 1999).

This article tries to establish a common base for defining firm level entrepreneurship. Naman and Slevin (1993) states that organization can be characterized and measured based on the level of entrepreneurship demonstrate by the firms management. According to Covin and Slevin (1986), top managers at entrepreneurships firm possess an entrepreneurship style of management, which affect the firms strategic decisions and management philosophy.

In order to establish definition for the firm level entrepreneurship, it is necessary to present the characteristics of management behavior used by scholars for that matter. Schumpeter (1934) states that innovativeness is the only entrepreneurship behavior that separates between entrepreneurships activities to non-entrepreneurships activities. Innovation relates to the pursuit after creative solutions through the development and improvement of services and products as well as administrative and technological techniques (Davis et al., 1991). Innovation reflects the firms tendency to support new ideas and procedures, which can end as new products or services Lumpkin and Dess (1996).

In his book Essai sur la Nature Commerce en General, Richard Cantillon (1755) argues that the essence of entrepreneurship is a risk-taking behavior. According to Lumpkin and Dess (1996), risk-taking can range from relatively safe risk as deposit money to the bank to quite risky actions like investing in untested technologies or launching new product to the market. In their research, Miller and Friesen (1982) define an entrepreneurial model of innovativeness, this model regards firm that innovate audacity and regularly while taking substantial risks in their strategy.

Third dimension, which can be added to innovation and risk-taking, is Proactive. According to Davis et al., (1991) proactive associates with an aggressive posture, relatively to competitors, while trying to achieve firms objectives by all rational needed means. Lumpkin and Dess (2001) mention that proactive relate to the way the firm associates to business opportunities through acquisition of initiatives in the market its operate in.

Although other dimensions are used to define firm level entrepreneurship, the vast majority of scholars use these three dimensions – Innovation , Risk-taking and Proactive (e.g., Miller and Friesen, 1978; Covin and Slevin, 1986, 1989; Naman and Slevin, 1993; Knight, 1993; Wiklund, 1999).

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Dr. Steve Gedeon of Ryerson University talks about Entrepreneurship and the Entrepreneur.

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Dr. Rami Schayek -
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Dr. Rami Schayek combining the academic world as a researcher and a lecturer at the ben gurion university with a fieldwork as the CEO of several small businesses coincident with coaching many other small and medium businesses. You can see more from his work at www.small-medium-business.blogspot.com
Terms: Articles may be reprinted provided content is not edited and links are kept live.

The word entrepreneur’ was derived from French words entre’, which stands for between’ and prendre’, which means to take’. The word was originally tagged to people who take on risk between the buyers and sellers or start a new venture (Barringer and Ireland, 2006). However, in the contemporary business, the essence of the entrepreneurial behaviour is identifying opportunities and putting useful ideas into practice. Therefore entrepreneurship can be defined as the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without regards to resources they currently control (Barringer and Ireland, 2006, p5).

In recent times entrepreneurship has attracted a lot of attention and is seen as an attractive career path, which has resulted into a barrage of literature and research into the subject of entrepreneurial behaviour (Papers4you.com, 2006). This is evident in the fact that Amazon.com holds nearly 5,800 books that deal with one or the other aspect of entrepreneurial behaviour (Barringer and Ireland, 2006). However, most of the literature is repetitive in nature describing the same personal qualities of passion for business, tenacity despite failure, execution intelligence etc. This coupled with a flurry of women entrepreneurs like Anita Roddick of the Body shop sometimes ends in a debate about women being better equipped with the qualities of being an entrepreneur. On the other hand, it is increasingly becoming apparent that while opening a business is easy, the real challenge is to keep the business open. This is evident in recent statistics provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) suggesting that 20% of the new firms in the US failed in the first year itself (Barringer and Ireland, 2006).

However, the significance of entrepreneurial activities to economic development is immense as the fundamental requirement for an entrepreneurial start up is a new and innovative business idea (Papers4you.com, 2006). Schumpeter was the first one to recognise that new technologies and products developed by the entrepreneurs will over the time make current technologies obsolete, terming is as creative destruction’ (Welsch, 2005). The whole entrepreneurial process goes through a few common steps vis--vis deciding to become an entrepreneur, developing a successful business idea by doing a feasibility analysis, industry analysis and coming up with an effective business model. After a business model has been drafted the next step would be to move from an idea to an entrepreneurial firm, which would include assembling firms initial management team, get a sound financial back and writing a business plan which would help draw the finances. The last and the final step would be to manage the firm to ensure sustained growth (Barringer and Ireland, 2006).

Entrepreneurship is hence a long journey through the steps mentioned above and requires skill and qualities to execute them successfully. However the belief that entrepreneurs are born, not made’ is a myth and a through knowledge of the field would enable a smoother journey.

References

Barringer, B and Ireland, R. (2006). Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures’. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Welsch, H. (2005). Entrepreneurship: the war ahead’. Routledge, London.

Papers For You (2006) ” P/B/604. Theories on entrepreneurial behaviour”, Available from Papers4you.com [18/06/2006]

Papers For You (2006) ” P/B/423. What are the origins of entrepreneurial behaviour?”, Available from http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/sprtbus34.htm [17/06/2006]

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Can an at-risk teenage girl launch a successful soda company? She can if she’s enrolled in a program by the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE) designed to help young people improve their academic, business and technological skills through entrepreneurship education. Follow the story of one young woman and hear why some say entrepreneurship education is “the civil rights issue of our time.” Originally aired January 2007.

Help answer the question about entrepreneurship

Also, IU has a great group called Investment Banking Network. Does anyone know if i could get into this group without a finance major or possibly even a finance minor?

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Verena Veneeva -
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Copyright 2006 Verena Veneeva. Professional Writer working for http://www.coursework4you.co.uk

Hi

I love case studies , in this article I am explain what is entrepreneurship

If u are very interested to know much detailed on entrepreneurship go through thesite http://www.ibscdc.orgso let we start

Entrepreneurs: people who create and grow enterprises

Entrepreneurship: the process through which entrepreneurs create and grow enterprises: Entrepreneurship developmentthe infrastructure of public and private policies and practices that foster and support entrepreneurship.

Some of the entrepreneurs are:

Survival entrepreneurs: who resort to creating enterprises to supplement their incomes because there are few other options available. Sometimes called entrepreneurs by necessity

Lifestyle entrepreneurs are people who chose self-employment because they no longer want to work for someone else, or because it provides a better way of balancing work and home demands, or because it enables them to stay in communities to which they have great attachment. The focus is usually on providing a living for the entrepreneur and her or his family. They are often called Mom and Pop businesses,

Growth entrepreneurs are those who are motivated to grow their businesses so that they can create wealth and jobs in their community.

Serial entrepreneurs are people who enjoy the process of business creation and over their lifetimes will create several businesses, often selling their ventures in the process.

The process of entrepreneurship is something to which Cathy Ashmore at the Consortium for Entrepreneurship Education has given much thought over several years.

some of the case studies available in ibscdc.org are:

1.Dean Kamens Technological Entrepreneurship
2.Robert E. Rubin: Executive Entrepreneur
3.Social Entrepreneurship: Serving the Niche Business
4.Aravind Eye Hospitals: A Case in Social Entrepreneurship
5.Matrix Laboratories Road to Success
6.Patrick J. McGovern’s International Data Group: Growth Strategies in Asia
7.Vijay Mallya, the Indian Business Baron: A Bon Vivant Entrepreneur?
8.Technology and Business Incubation in India-Challenges and Opportunities
9.Global Hospitals Where Life Gets a Second Chance

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Spawn creator Todd McFarlane talks Jan. 13, 2009, at Thunderbird School of Global Management in Glendale, Ariz.

Help answer the question about entrepreneurship

I cant think of any other profitable and manageable small business we could start other than selling snacks at school usgin pushcarts or having the place at bugis village to start a small one.

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casestudylover -
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Asia-Pacific’s Largest Repository of Management Case Studies

If you are willing to take some risks, are really fed up with living under a boss, and think that all the uncertainty with jobs need not be faced because there are plenty of other things to do then you just might be the next big entrepreneur because you are already thinking like one. Before your start typing your resignation letter you should consider going through some entrepreneurship course so that you know exactly what you need to do as one.

If you do not have enough time to enroll in a regular course then do not stress it. You can always join a distance-learning course and attend classes on the Internet. In other words, you can learn entrepreneurship online. Not only is this convenient but it is also a whole lot cheaper. Many accredited universities also offer online programs for working professionals.

Here are some of the programs that would be of interest to you. If you have an associates degree or a high school diploma then you can opt for this course that teaches things like marketing management, entrepreneurial finance, product development, business law, and so on. If you want you could go for a bachelor’s degree course in Business Administration or Small Business and Entrepreneurship. If you are working full time then you should go for an Associate or Bachelor degree in Business Administration or Entrepreneurship that permits you to take classes on the Internet.

If you are already a graduate then you can also do your MBA (Master’s of Business Administration) online. The MBA course will teach you how to analyze your business and develop the right strategies, how to write business plans, and also introduce you to several case studies of businesses and their marketing strategies.
Business communication is another vital aspect of entrepreneurship and you can get a Masters of Arts in Business Communication from many good online universities.

Online education through a virtual campus is slightly different than attending a college full time but for the most part it is a good experience. Your classroom is waiting for your 24 hours a day and you can just hook up to the Internet and continue your education when you find convenient. Some universities even include video options where you can chat with faculty and other students to make the whole thing more personal.

If you believe that you have what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur then should seriously consider taking one of the above courses to sharpen your skills with a bit of formal education before starting your business.

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A video explaining Global Entrepreneurship Week.

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Steve Seah -
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Steve Seah, a 42 year old Singaporean Chinese studying entrepreneurship. Wants to share his understanding about entrepreneurship and strategy of wealth
creations with the world. Visit www.entrepreneur2b.com
and/or www.mywealthcreationstrategy.com

1. Introduction

Agricultural development over years has been the result of continuous agri skill generation and its popularization. The earliest agriculture was animal domestication over thousands of years ahead, man domesticated wild fowl, dog, goat and smaller animals, whom he could overpower easily and subjugate to his sub-ordination. Agriculture thus since beginning has been the results of trails, experiments and experiences over years, learned first though behavioral changes, psychic reoccurrences, memories passed through parents to children and later on through doing and learning and now through sharing experiences and writing them or dotting them as an Entrepreneurship concern.

2. Entrepreneurship concept

The Entrepreneurship adds economic profits and cost-benefit ratios to Agricultural Output. Entrepreneurship is dominated by four factors like:

a. Social systemic changes

b. Support system availability and use

c. Resource base and its utilization

d. Self confidence, exploration work capacity and intellectual potency.

An entrepreneur has to have a thinking of his own, a capacity building interest in acquiring needed technique. An explorative and analytic faculties to judge the way of procuring cheap raw material. He must be equipped with knowledge and mindset to use and benefit out of it.

3. Farm Business

A potential entrepreneurship must strive from getting maximum output. Decades back agricultural development and industrial setups was a public sponsored and heavily subsidized but over time knowledge explosion in India Agriculture, have brought us on threshold of a system, where wide distances exist between industry and farm business. Where huge subsidies are benefiting Agro-Industrialists. The Farmers who use fertilizers or agro-chemical are crushed under economic pressures. The gaps between technology generated and technology use at farmers door is increasing day after day. The farm technology adoption rates are not more than 20-30% by any higher prospective. The use of information and communication technology (I&CT) for reducing the gaps and increasing productivity is the need of the hour (Wani, 2005). The modern technology and knowledge flow is fast expanding and bringing change. It demands more educated and trained farmers. Our education system has produced more literates but not educationally trained youth to earn their own bread. They after attaining graduation in agriculture and allied sectors, beg for job. The system has to be corrected to make these graduates as employers and not employees. I wrote a treatise as back as 1992, emphasizing a system. Germans are smart to have Farmers school, Farmer business training institutes, practical agri-farmers training centres and like, where way farmer or animal husbandry man is essentially a trained fellow. The banking system is so organized that they are on the door of convocation hall to sell their agri-business and agri-clinics to graduates, without any personal investments. Banks are so smart, that they have surveyed the villages who need vets or agri-graduates or have attained land and all facilitation, so that agricultural or veterinary or even other medico-biological graduates are used as bank investment. This is what is envisaged in India under agriclinic, Agribusiness venture. We have trainings not in the hands of banks but universities.

4. Success of Agribusiness:

A systematic liaison and support system between Govt. banking and University culture has made this otherwise an remunerative and lucerative programmes into a failure inspite of its personal monitoring of PMO. The success of Agri-business and Agri-clinics success rates are shown in table 1. The universities involve and their success stories are shown in table 2. Both these details are distressing inspite of huge moral, financial support from Govt. This is inspite of subsidiary support table 3.

Various ventures are listed in table 4 – 7. Agricultural professionals are getting converted into Agribusiness and agri-clinical experts. More than 14,000 applicants and 615 agriclinics came to existence in Indian 12 states. The agri clinic trained persons in J&K many number in hundreds. Among them 34 have registered agri clinics earning a handsome profit annually.

We visited Bandipora district and unregistered Agriclinics were earning a handsome salary, more than the Rahbar-e-zerat or Agriculture Asstt. A visit documentary is enclosed and shall be shown. It consisted of Agribusiness viz sale of pesticides, cattle feed, poultry feed and agri-extension services. At a small village in Papchan, one agri graduate Mr. Iqbal Shah earns Rs. 10,000/- per month by selling the services and input. At a distance of few kms. In same district one Mr. Khyatlani owns a big poultry farm and earns around Rs. 20,000/- per month. Both these entrepreneurs employ 2-3 persons at present. Similarly, the success shown by one Mr. Shah at Malangam in Agri products and pesticide sale and one Mr. Bhat in Dairy production and milk product sale earn a handsome income besides generating employment for poor.

5. Farmer as Entrepreneur

Indian Farming and farmer has to change if proper WTO recommendation and GATT agreements are to be followed.

The present day poultry scenario has emerging high profile agri-business prospects in India.

The conversion of poultry farmers into poultry entrepreneurs shall make the present day 6% contribution of poultry products to 25% share of Global market from India and China. This when translated into action shall increase employment generation by manifolds. The introduction of rural based Vanraja, Gramapriya, Giriraja, Cari Gold and vast other locally grown varieties of poultry have adopted well to our agri-rural base. The market acceptability is higher than exotic poultry concerns. Research to farmers doors in generating free-rang-poultry is like BT cotton hybrid spreading through villages of India and assuring high returns and exports (wani, 2007).

6. Poultry as Agri-business

Dr. Gordon Butland, president of Global poultry strategies presents Backyard poultry production as a tool of alleviating poverty and malnutrition. We have tried to distribute birds under free-rang system in all our KVKs our results were excellent and income generation was totally in favour of the Agri-business and agri-clinics as will be shown in case histories and success stories.

A grand show of using poultry, rabbit meat processing introduction at SKUAST-K have innovated white meat usage. Our own preparation could be seen in Figs 1-3.

This all will need the involvement of Agri-Veterinary and food processing technocrats to develop rural-based establishments so as to faster export and fast returns.

7. Holistic Vision for Livestock Enterprise.

Improving income, employment and self-reliance are among educated graduates and un-employed youth especially women needs fostering community development, women empowerment, environmental protection. Rural-based backyard poultry subscribes to all these norms and could be a rich resource for developing agri-entrepreneurship. Govt. of India is liberally financing such agri-business ventures and a proposed infrastructure cost set-up can be seen in table 8. A vast and finance assured schemes are available for agri-graduates for establishing poultry ventures (table 9). An initial allocation of 107 crores for initiating nucleus breeding farms. Further more provision of hatcheries to provide chicks to more than 2 lac farmers and farm women will need many agri-business centres for providing basic germplasm, medicine and above all training.

Some of the success stories in animal husbandry section can be reproduced as follows:

a. Backyard poultry and incubation

Though the Vanraja are the most suitable for back yard poultry, they do not have habit of broodiness. There is a problem among the farmer to get a broody hen in all season. KVK solve this problem of hatching by installing small unit of hatchery. Every month 15-20 farmers are benefited by purchasing chicks for backyard poultry. There 200 back yard poultry units of Vanraja. Each farmer is rearing 10 to 25 in the backyard. There is a good demand and response for the chicks and eggs of Vanraja. KVKs are now planning to expand this unit.

b. Semi-stall-fed Goat Rearing

KVKs made an intervention to improve this enterprise by conducting short durational training programmes for rural youth. Similarly exposure visit were organized on goat feed, breed and health management. More emphasis was given on O)smanabadi goat and up-gradation in selected non-descript goat breed by osmanabadi pure buck and given the knowledge about semi stallfed goat rearing concept.

c. Broiler Production

KVK has conducted many durational training programmes for 165 trainees. Due to training and demonstrations awareness was increased about contract farming in broiler production with private sector which provide chicks, feed and medicine and after 40 days purchases Rs. 3 to 3.50 per kg on live weight and FCR basis and changed their attitude. They acquired skills through learning by doing at KVK demonstration unit.

The technology has been adopted by 10 percent of youths now in the radius of 20 km there are 27 poultry units having capacity of 5000-10000 poultry birds on contract farming basis. These self employed rural youth earning Rs 10000-15000 per lot.

Recently a seminar-cum-farmers meet was arranged at SKUAST-K on 26-27th of Oct.2007. The knowledge sharing and use for making agricultural graduate and scientists was emphasized by our worthy Chancellor. A vision of poverty alleviation through backyard poultry intervention was the theme of the seminar. Many belts in Gurez, Tangdar, Telail and Zanskar are rearing native livestock species. Who are better suited and need improvement and identification. The cooking methods will need more expansion and scientific intervention for export. More emphasis has to be made on:

Safe feed and food.

Organic fodder and food.

Operational excellence and modern mechanization to improve quality of indigenous enterprises.

Local family management to farm business management and seller-buyer medol adoption.

8. High Value Agri-business